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Advanced Assessment Techniques in Critical Care
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1: Which statement(s) do NOT correctly apply to intrinsic PEEP?
it can be caused by low respiratory rate
it can be measured continuously at the distal tip of the endotracheal tube
it can impair patient triggering of the ventilator
it can cause hyperinflation
2: Which of the following conditions will NOT decrease a patient's STATIC compliance?
pleural effusion
abdominal distension
partially obstructed endotracheal tube
ARDS
3: A practitioner notes that increasing the PEEP for a patient causes a precipitous decrease in the patients PaO2. A likely explanation for this decrease is ___.
decreased cardiac output
decreased alveolar dead space
right-to-left shunt through a patent foramen ovale
decreased work of breathing
4: lower inflection point of the pressure volume curve and the stepwise incremental static compliance measurement are techniques used to determine patients' ______.
work of breathing
dynamic compliance
total PEEP
optimal PEEP
5: The pressure-time wave below represents that for which of the following ventilation modes?
A. volume control
B. pressure control
C. pressure control with volume guarantee
B and C
6: Comparing the pressure-volume curves below, the curve on the right reflects which of the following ventilatory mechanical features?
decreased airway resistance
increased airway resistance
decreased static compliance
increased static compliance
7: The portion of the curve indicated as the 'beak' indicates which of the following problems?
over distension
intrinsic PEEP
increased work of breathing
increased airway resistance
8: The presence of flow at the end of expiration, before the next inspiration begins indicates which of the following problems?
over distension
intrinsic PEEP
increased work of breathing
increased airway resistance
9: The pressure wave form below represents a patient on pressure support ventilation. The presence of the peak A on the wave form indicates a problem that necessitates adjustment of which control?
rise
inspiratory flow
respiratory rate
expiratory trigger
10: During resuscitation of a patient with cardiac arrest, the practitioner notes that the end-tidal CO2 is extremely low. This could be due to which of the following?
low perfusion
hypoventilation
pulmonary embolus
administration of NaHCO3
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