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ARDS/Acute Lung Injury Post-Test

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1: Which of the following characteristics differentiates acute lung injury (ALI) from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?: chest radiograph
pulmonary artery occlusion pressure
PaO2/FIO2
static lung compliance
2: Which of the following conditions produces direct pulmonary injury that predisposes to ALI/ARDS?: inhalation injury
pneumonia
aspiration
all of the above
3: All of the following correctly characterize the exudative stage of ALI/ARDS, EXCEPT:: initial injury to alveolar epithelium or capillary endothelium
leakage of transudate (non-proteinacious) fluid into alveolar space
release of cytokines by alveolar macrophages
neutrophils release free oxygen radicals and tumor necrosis factor
4: The manifestations of ARDS/ALI include all of the following, EXCEPT:: increased lung compliance (CL)
crackles, rhonchi, bronchial sounds
refractory hypoxemia
supraclavicular retractions
5: Typical radiographic findings in ARDS/ALI include which of the following?: cardiomegaly
prominent pulmonary vasculature
air bronchograms
interstitial infiltrates
6: Clinical assessments that are helpful in differentiation of ARDS/ALI from cardiogenic pulmonary edema include all of the following, EXCEPT:: pulmonary artery occlusion (wedge) pressure
brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level
cardiac size on radiograph
transudate, vs. exudate fluid in bronchiolar lavage sample
7: Computerized tomographic (CT) chest imaging may be helpful in determining whether which of the following management strategies will be effective in patients with ARDS/ALI?: pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation (PCIRV)
airway pressure release ventilation (APRV, bilevel ventilation)
permissive hypercapnea
pronation
8: Research has found which management strategy for ARDS/ALI effective for pediatric patients; but, not for adults?: surfactant instillation
permissive hypercapnea
pronation
high-frequency oscillatory ventilation
9: Pharmacologic agents that have been determined to have no benefit in patients with ARDS/ALI include which of the following?: albuterol
corticosteroids
n-acetylcysteine
all of the above
10: Appropriate ventilation technique for patients with ALI/ARDS include all of the following, EXCEPT:: pressure control ventilation
optimal PEEP
tidal volume 8-10 mL/kg IBW
recruitment maneuvers